Description
Members of Lipocalin family share a highly conserved fold with an eight-stranded antiparallel beta barrel, and act as a transporters, carrying small molecules to specific cells. Lipocalin-2, also known as Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), was originally identified as a component of neutrophil granules. It is a 25 kDa protein existing in monomeric and homo- and heterodimeric forms, the latter as a dimer with human neutrophil gelatinases (MMP-9). Its expression has been observed in most tissues normally exposed to microorganism, and its synthesis is induced in epithelial cells during inflammation. Lipocalin-2 has been implicated in a variety of processes including cell differentiation, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis. Studies indicate that Lipocalin-2 binds a bacterial catecholate sidropore bound to ferric ion such as enterobactin with a subnanomolar dissociation constant (Kd = 0.41 nM). The bound ferric enterobactin complex breaks down slowly in a month into dihydroxybenzoyl serine and dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA). It also binds to a ferric DHBA complex with much less Kd values. Secretion of Lipocalin2 in immune cells increases by stimulation of Toll-like receptor as an acute phase response to infection. As a result, it acts as a potent bacteriostatic reagent by sequestering iron. Moreover, Lipocalin-2 can alter the invasive and metastatic behavior of Ras-transformed breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by reversing epithelial to mesenchymal transition inducing activity of Ras, through restoration of E-cadherin expression, via effects on the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway.
Product Properties
|
Synonyms |
NGAL, p25 |
|
Accession |
P80188 |
|
GeneID |
3934 |
|
Source |
E.coli-derived Human LCN2, Gln21-Gly198. |
|
Molecular Weight |
Approximately 41.0 kDa. |
|
AA Sequence |
QDSTSDLIPA PPLSKVPLQQ NFQDNQFQGK WYVVGLAGNA ILREDKDPQK MYATIYELKE DKSYNVTSVL FRKKKCDYWI RTFVPGCQPG EFTLGNIKSY PGLTSYLVRV VSTNYNQHAM VFFKKVSQNR EYFKITLYGR TKELTSELKE NFIRFSKSLG LPENHIVFPV PIDQCIDG |
|
Tag |
None |
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Physical Appearance |
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder. |
|
Purity |
> 95% by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses. |
|
Biological Activity |
The ED50 as determined by a cell proliferation assay using human TF-1 cells is less than 0.5 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of > 2.0 × 106 IU/mg. Fully biologically active when compared to standard. |
|
Endotoxin |
< 0.1 EU per 1μg of the protein by the LAL method. |
|
Formulation |
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered concentrated solution in PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.05 % Tween-20. |
|
Reconstitution |
We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute in sterile distilled water or aqueous buffer containing 0.1% BSA to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. Stock solutions should be apportioned into working aliquots and stored at ≤ -20℃. Further dilutions should be made in appropriate buffered solutions. |
Shipping and Storage
The products are shipped with ice pack and can be stored at -20℃ to -80℃ for 1 year.
Recommend to aliquot the protein into smaller quantities when first used and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Cautions
1. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
2. For your safety and health, please wear lab coats and disposable gloves for operation.
3. For research use only!