During apoptosis, cells activate specific DNA endonucleases that cleave genomic DNA between nucleosomes. When DNA is extracted from apoptotic cells and analyzed by gel electrophoresis, a characteristic DNA ladder consisting of fragments in multiples of 180–200 bp can be observed.

The TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling) Apoptosis Detection Kit (YSFluor™ 640) is designed to detect DNA fragmentation in the nuclei of cells during late-stage apoptosis. The assay is based on the enzymatic activity of Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT), which catalyzes the incorporation of YSFluor™ 640-12-dUTP into the 3′-hydroxyl (3′-OH) ends exposed at DNA strand breaks. The labeled DNA can then be detected using a fluorescence microscope or flow cytometer.

YSFluor™ 640 is a bright, photostable red-fluorescent dye that provides high signal intensity and excellent resistance to photobleaching.

This kit is broadly applicable and can be used to detect apoptosis in:

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections

Frozen tissue sections

Cultured adherent or suspension cells

Features

• Rapid and Convenient Detection – Simple workflow enables fast assessment of apoptosis in cultured cells without complex procedures.
• High Accuracy – Dual staining with Annexin V-YSFluor™ 647 and Propidium Iodide (PI) allows precise discrimination between early apoptotic, late apoptotic, necrotic, and live cells.
• Sensitive and Reliable – Optimized fluorophore conjugation and buffer formulation ensure strong signal with minimal background, suitable for flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy.
• Versatile – Compatible with a wide range of cell types, including adherent and suspension cells.

Components

 Storage

This product should be stored at -25℃~-15℃ for one year.

Documents:

Safety Data Sheet

Manuals

40308_Manual_Ver.EN20251111.pdf

Publications Using This Product

[1] Sun X, Peng X, Cao Y, Zhou Y, Sun Y. ADNP promotes neural differentiation by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):2984. Published 2020 Jun 12. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16799-0(IF:11.614)  

[2] Zhu M, Zhang P, Yu S, et al. Targeting ZFP64/GAL-1 axis promotes therapeutic effect of nab-paclitaxel and reverses immunosuppressive microenvironment in gastric cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2022;41(1):14. Published 2022 Jan 7. doi:10.1186/s13046-021-02224-x(IF:11.161)  

[3] Zhang HT, Gui T, Liu RX, et al. Sequential targeting of YAP1 and p21 enhances the elimination of senescent cells induced by the BET inhibitor JQ1. Cell Death Dis. 2021;12(1):121. Published 2021 Jan 25. doi:10.1038/s41419-021-03416-1(IF:8.469)  

[4] Chen YJ, Hong WF, Liu ML, et al. An integrated bioinformatic investigation of mitochondrial solute carrier family 25 (SLC25) in colon cancer followed by preliminary validation of member 5 (SLC25A5) in tumorigenesis. Cell Death Dis. 2022;13(3):237. Published 2022 Mar 14. doi:10.1038/s41419-022-04692-1(IF:8.469) 

[5] Xun Y, Zhou P, Yang Y, et al. Role of Nox4 in High Calcium-Induced Renal Oxidative Stress Damage and Crystal Deposition. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2022;36(1-3):15-38. doi:10.1089/ars.2020.8159(IF:8.401)  

[6] Yu W, Zong S, Zhou P, et al. Cochlear Marginal Cell Pyroptosis Is Induced by Cisplatin via NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Front Immunol. 2022;13:823439. Published 2022 Apr 20. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.823439(IF:7.561)  

[7] Duan X, Huang Y, Chen X, et al. Moderate DNA hypomethylation suppresses intestinal tumorigenesis by promoting caspase-3 expression and apoptosis. Oncogenesis. 2021;10(5):38. Published 2021 May 4. doi:10.1038/s41389-021-00328-9(IF:7.485)  

[8] Huang Y, Ma J, Meng Y, et al. Exposure to Oxadiazon-Butachlor causes cardiac toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Environ Pollut. 2020;265(Pt A):114775. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114775(IF:6.793)  

[9] Qiang W, Shen T, Noman M, et al. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Augments Autophagy and Reduces Apoptosis in Damaged Liver to Improve Tissue Regeneration in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:756743. Published 2021 Oct 22. doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.756743(IF:6.684)  

[10] Wu Y, Zhang J, Li C, et al. The Activation of ROS/NF-κB/MMP-9 Pathway Promotes Calcium-Induced Kidney Crystal Deposition. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021;2021:8836355. Published 2021 Jun 8. doi:10.1155/2021/8836355(IF:6.543)  

[11] Jiang S, Zhang Z, Huang F, et al. Protective Effect of Low Molecular Weight Peptides from Solenocera crassicornis Head against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice via the Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020;9(8):745. Published 2020 Aug 13. doi:10.3390/antiox9080745(IF:6.313)  

[12] Yang P, Yang Y, He X, et al. miR-153-3p Targets βII Spectrin to Regulate Formaldehyde-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:764831. Published 2021 Dec 15. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.764831(IF:6.050)  

[13] Chen YJ, Song HY, Zhang ZW, Chen Q, Tang ZP, Gu M. Extracts of Vine Tea Improve Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Through AMPK-LXRα Signaling. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:711763. Published 2021 Jul 30. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.711763(IF:5.811)  

[14] Gong F, Shen T, Zhang J, et al. Nitazoxanide induced myocardial injury in zebrafish embryos by activating oxidative stress response. J Cell Mol Med. 2021;25(20):9740-9752. doi:10.1111/jcmm.16922(IF:5.310)  

[15] Zhu D, Wang Z, Zhang G, et al. Periostin promotes nucleus pulposus cells apoptosis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. FASEB J. 2022;36(7):e22369. doi:10.1096/fj.202200123R(IF:5.192)  

[16] Xu H, Qu C, Gan L, et al. Deletion of the Impg2 gene causes the degeneration of rod and cone cells in mice. Hum Mol Genet. 2020;29(10):1624-1634. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddaa062(IF:5.101)  

[17] Li Q, Qin M, Tan Q, et al. MicroRNA-129-1-3p protects cardiomyocytes from pirarubicin-induced apoptosis by down-regulating the GRIN2D-mediated Ca2+ signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med. 2020;24(3):2260-2271. doi:10.1111/jcmm.14908(IF:4.486)  

[18] Wen Y, Zong S, Liu T, Du P, Li H, Xiao H. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid attenuates cisplatin-induced ototoxicity by inhibiting the accumulation and aggregation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Toxicology. 2021;453:152736. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2021.152736(IF:4.221)  

[19] Meng Y, Yin Q, Ma Q, et al. FXII regulates the formation of deep vein thrombosis via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in mice. Int J Mol Med. 2021;47(5):87. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2021.4920(IF:4.101)  

[20] Jin S, Yang L, Meng C, et al. Sequential Epiphyseal Cartilage Changes of Femoral Heads in C57BL/6 Female Mice Treated with Excessive Glucocorticoids. Cartilage. 2021;13(2_suppl):453S-464S. doi:10.1177/1947603520978574(IF:3.857)  

[21] Feng Y, Lei B, Zhang H, et al. MicroRNA-136-5p from Endothelial Progenitor Cells-released Extracellular Vesicles Mediates TXNIP to Promote the Dissolution of Deep Venous Thrombosis. Shock. 2022;57(5):714-721. doi:10.1097/SHK.0000000000001920(IF:3.454)  

[22] Wang H, He F, Liang B, et al. p53-Dependent LincRNA-p21 Protects Against Proliferation and Anti-apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis by Upregulating SIRT7 via MicroRNA-17-5p. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2021;14(3):426-440. doi:10.1007/s12265-020-10074-9(IF:3.312)  

[23] Liu Q, Xu X, Sun W. Down-regulated HSA_circ_0003528 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma aggressiveness via the miR-212-3p/XIAP axis. Bioengineered. 2022;13(4):11269-11280. doi:10.1080/21655979.2022.2066046(IF:3.269)  

[24] Xu J, Zhang B, Chu Z, Jiang F, Han J. Wogonin Alleviates Cisplatin-induced Cardiotoxicity in Mice Via Inhibiting Gasdermin D-mediated Pyroptosis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2021;78(4):597-603. Published 2021 Jun 16. doi:10.1097/FJC.0000000000001085(IF:3.105)  

[25] Wang S, Zeng X, Yang Y, et al. Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion injury of fatty liver in mice via Brg1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis. Artif Organs. 2022;46(2):229-238. doi:10.1111/aor.14076(IF:3.094)  

[26] Xie WJ, Hou G, Wang L, Wang SS, Xiong XX. Astaxanthin suppresses lipopolysaccharide‑induced myocardial injury by regulating MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR/GSK3β signaling. Mol Med Rep. 2020;22(4):3338-3346. doi:10.3892/mmr.2020.11443(IF:2.952)  

[27] Zhang Y, Li Q, Xu D, et al. Idarubicin-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes: An in vitro molecular approach. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2021;40(12_suppl):S553-S562. doi:10.1177/09603271211033774(IF:2.903)  

[28] Li Q, Qin M, Li T, et al. Rutin protects against pirarubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by adjusting microRNA-125b-1-3p-mediated JunD signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem. 2020;466(1-2):139-148. doi:10.1007/s11010-020-03696-9(IF:2.795)