In the liver, macrophages are called Kupffer cells. Kupffer cells are found mainly in the sinusoidal spaces of the liver and have the following characteristics and functions:

1. Scavenging function: Kupffer cells are able to remove bacteria, viruses and toxins absorbed from the intestines into the liver, protecting the liver from infection.
2. Immune regulation: Kupffer cells can regulate the immune environment of the liver and participate in the progression and recovery of liver diseases.
3. Metabolic regulation: Kupffer cells are also involved in liver metabolic processes, such as iron metabolism and lipid metabolism.

Macrophages (especially Kupffer cells) play important immune and metabolic regulatory roles in the liver. Understanding the functions of these cells contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms of liver disease onset and progression.

Previously, we introduced the common injection methods and measurements of Clodronate Liposomes, and today we are sharing articles and methods related to the use of Clodronate Liposomes to clear the liver of mice.

Literature 1

Article Source: Mononuclear phagocyte system blockade improves therapeutic exosome delivery to the myocardium

Macrophage Clearance Methods:

Mice were treated with PBS/liposomes/liposomes with chlorophosphate (0.1 mL/10 g) for 48 hours. Macrophages were analyzed in liver and spleen cells using CD 11b with F4/80.

Results are shared:

Literature 2

Article Source: Roquin-1 Regulates Macrophage Immune Response and Participates in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Macrophage Clearance Methods:

Mice were injected intraperitoneally with chlorophosphate liposomes (400 μL/mouse, 6 - 8 weeks of age). To avoid infection in mice, mice were fed with drinking water containing aminopenicillin (1 mg/mL) until execution. Forty-eight hours after injection, the infection was verified using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, respectively.

Results are shared:

 

Literature 3

Article source: macrophage malfunction in Triptolide-induced indirect hepatotoxicity

Macrophage clearance methods:

Clodronate Liposomes (200 μL/mouse, intraperitoneal) and its negative control were injected 48 hours before administration to deplete macrophages. Macrophage markers CD11b (upper panel) and F4/80 (lower panel) were analyzed by IHC in liver tissue section images.

Results shared:

 

Literature 4

Article source: cellular distribution of injected PLGA-nanoparticles in the liver

Macrophage clearance method:

Intraperitoneal injection of Clodronate liposomes (0.1 ml/10 g).

Results shared:

The doses and methods mentioned in the literature are for reference only as the mouse models in the above studies varied. Appropriate adjustments and optimization are recommended for your specific experimental conditions.In addition, there are different dosing methods for macrophages residing in different tissues. We will continue to collate relevant literature to provide you with more references. If you have any specific tissue site or macrophage removal method needs, please let us know in the message area and we will prioritize the collation of relevant content.

Product Recommendation

Product name	Item number	Specification
Clodronate Liposomes(From Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)	40337ES08	5 mL
	40337ES10	10 mL
Control Liposomes(PBS)	40338ES08	5 mL
	40338ES10	10 mL